由生態群落及其環境組成的系統

包括生物體的複雜性，它們的地理環境及相互的關係

生態系統所構成的部分主要由兩個推動聯繫在一起：

1）通過生態系統的能量流動

2）生態系統中的養分循環

A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit

Include the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships

While the constituents are linked together by two major forces:

1) The flow of energy through the ecosystem

2) The cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem.

一個區域內動植物的多樣性（物種的數量和種類）

所有不同種類的生命，生活在一個地球上，其相互交替、影響令地球生態得到平衡

The diversity (number and variety of species) of plant and animal life within a region

All different kinds of lives live on the same earth, their interrelations balance the Earth’s ecosystem